Understanding Hardware and Software

In this article will discuss the understanding of hardware and software along with examples of hardware and software. Here is the definition of both:
Hardware is a tool / object that we can see, touch, grasp and has a specific function. Physically, there may be. There is a shape.
Hardware device consists of 3 types, namely:
1.    Input device, serves to enter data, either text, photos, and pictures into the computer. Examples of input devices such as keyboards, mouse, light-pen, scanner, and so forth.
2.    output device, used for collecting and producing data released, such as monitors and printers.
3.    Data processing device, used to process the data. Data processor includes a central processing unit (CPU or Central Processing Unit) and also microprocessors.
Various kinds of hardware:
1.    CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a tool that serves as a processing data. CPU contains a series circuit which stores instructions and data processing.
2.    Monitor is a tool that can display text or images from the data being processed in the CPU.
3.    The keyboard is a tool to enter data or commands to the CPU, usually consisting of a series of letters, numbers, and other function keys.
4.    Mouse is a tool to give commands to process data or edit data.
5.    The printer is a tool that produces output data printed form, the form of text and pictures / graphics.
6.    CD ROM, additional equipment (peripheral devices) capable of storing and write data and programs through the medium of CD (Compact Disk). The tool is designed to be able to write and read data or program through an optical system.
7.    Compact Disk (CD), storage media made of plastic material. The process of storing and reading data using the optical system.
8.    Floppy Disk is an additional tool to store or write to the disk or vice versa, a commonly used size is 3.5 inch size.
9.    Hard disk is an additional tool to store large capacity data in a magnetically coated, at this very rapid growth of disk capacity and speed of reading data. Need to know your current hard drive is absolutely present in every computer or laptop as a permanent storage operating system.
10.    Scanner is a tool to enter data in the form of pictures or graphics and convert it into digital form so it can be processed and combined with the form data as text.
11.    Flasdisk a data storage capacity of the most popular because of the large and diverse than that of its small size allows us to bring flasdisk everywhere, the presence of flasdisk have replaced the floppy disk that was often used for portable data storage, the minimum capacity is 128mb whereas flashdis to its maximum capacity can reach 40 Gb, External Hard drive is smaller than that capacity can reach 1 terabyte (1000 Gb) .
While software, is a collection of electronic data stored and managed by computers, electronic data stored by a computer that can be either program or instructions that will execute a command. through this software a computer can run a command. Software is not physically there may be. So we can not touch, can not we hold but we can run it in an operating system and the only we can hold only storage media, like floppy disks, CDs, etc. The software has a specific function as well, and usually to activate the hardware. It could also be said of software working in the hardware. Example software: accounting programs, MS Office programs, etc.
Thus articles on understanding hardware and software, hopefully this article can be useful for you.

Functions Of Computer Parts:

Every part of the computer has a different task, such as a television that has a different task on each part, each part works to perform their respective duties. By knowing the duty of every part of the computer, we will be more easy to identify and resolve problems that arise on the computer.
And below is a description of the functions on computer parts:
"    Processor / CPU, processor known as the brains of the computer. But in reality this statement is less precise. Processor count is simply a tool appropriate. Such as addition, subtraction, multiplication or division number. There are two parts in a processor that perform calculations. The first part is called integer unit, integer unit is the task of overcoming a simple number, such as -5, 13, ½ and others and its main task is used for business applications, such as applications Word, spreadsheets, and the Windows Desktop. The other half is called Floating Point Unit. The task of this unit address numbers are quite difficult, as root, pi, "e." and logarithms. This section is usually used in the process of making 3D games, to calculate the position of pixels, and images. In recent years, Intel's processor has better performance than other processors, but AMD Athlon proseccor gradually has become a strict competitor to Intel. This is the brain in function on computer parts.
"    Hardisk is a metal device that typically exist in a computer. The main reason for having the device of a computer hard drive is because HDD is the only device that can store data when the computer is turned on.
"    RAM is a device that quite confusing compared to the hard drive, because both are data storage, but both are very different. RAM is a chip that can accommodate the data, so just hold it without saving the data. RAM has more speed than the hard drive, and that's what makes the RAM has a price more expensive than hard drives, and it was also the cause why the RAM is not used as primary data storage, RAM is used as a liaison between the Hard Drive and processor. If the processor needs data from the hard drive, the chipset will take the data from the hard drive and then save it into memory, and then the processor will be able to retrieve data quickly. If the computer runs out of RAM space, it will cause such thing as "Virtual RAM". Virtual RAM is just an extension of RAM that is on a hard drive. As noted previously, the Hard drive has a lower speed than the RAM, so when the computer gets the data from the hard disk, the computer would run so slow.
"    Cache "L1, and L2" A cache is a high-speed RAM. Cache store general data and instructions from the processor so that the cache does not need to go through the RAM in the process of data transmission. And that is why the modern day computer can run very fast. Without cache, the processor will be many who have limitations in the data transmission process based on the speed of RAM, and worse the computer can run very slowly. The cache is divided into two parts level. The first level is L1 which has a size of 32 KB to 128 KB. It is split in the middle, in the CPU core, next integer and the Floating Point Unit, half of the store data, and save the other half used processor instructions to carry data. The second level cache, called L2, is used only for data. Some of the L2 cache are on the motherboard and some are located within the CPU. Cache Level 2 is currently in the CPU, along with the L1 cache.
"    The chipset is the most important part of the computer. It controls communication between components. The chipset is divided into two parts. The first chip is called the North Bridge, which handles communication between the AGP, RAM, processor, and the South Bridge of the chipset. And the second chip is the "South Bridge" that can manage all input and output on the computer, including the PCI and ISA bus. Processor, Memory (RAM), cache, and chipset work together to activate the computer functions.
Thus the explanation of the functions on computer parts, hopefully this article can be useful for those who read it.


Functions Of Mouse :


If you have a computer, would you already know what it is Mouse. Not the rat who likes to roam the waterways. Mouse is a tool used to enter data into a computer other than the keyboard. Mouse shaped like a rat in English so that this device called a mouse.
Mouse was first made in 1963 by Douglas Engelbart made from wood with a single button. The second model is equipped with 3 buttons. In 1970, Douglas Engelbart introduced the mouse that can determine the position of XY on the computer screen, Mouse is known as the XY Position Indicator.
The most common forms of Mouse has two buttons, each one at top left and top right that can be pressed. However, computer-based Macintosh computers typically use one-button mouse.
Functions in Computer Mouse is working with motion capture using the ball hard and flat surface. The more modern mouse is not using the ball again, but using an optical beam to detect motion. In addition, some are already using wireless technology, both based radio, infrared rays, as well as bluetooth.
Currently, the latest technology has allowed the Mouse uses a laser system so that the resolution can be up to 2,000 dots per inch (dpi), one can even reach 4800 points per inch. Usually this kind of mouse is for fans of video games
Hopefully the explanation in this article about Functions in Computer Mouse can be useful for you to increase your knowledge of computers.

Understanding Keyboard
Understanding Keyboard is a set of keys arranged in one place like a typewriter that generally have between 85 to 120 keys consisting of (A, a, B, b, C, c, ... .. Z, z) the number (0.1, 2, ... 9), commonly called a symbol or special character (@#$%..... and so on) and buttons F1, F2, F3, but for a special purpose keyboard only has a few buttons. The number of buttons available on the PC vary depending on the PC is used. Desktop PC has a 101, 104, 110 or 118 keys. While the notebook or laptop, the fewer the number of buttons can be because it has a small space.
Pressing a key on the keyboard can be done alone or pertombol or several at once to indicate a specific purpose, for example CTRL + ALT + DEL, CTRL + +1 Break certain letters and so forth. Be careful in using special keystrokes which will give effect to things that are not desirable on our computer, know thoroughly their respective functions.
Computer keyboard, physically has the shape like a typewriter keyboard in the manual / electronic. With the use of micro processor, existing data can be sent directly to the CPU via the keyboard. The main buttons that are owned, has an arrangement that does not vary with the composition of ordinary typewriter keys. Letter key is located at the top row, and alphabetical keys are below, in addition to the space bar is also placed at the lowest position. Only difference, letters or numbers are typed by the computer keyboard, will be printed on the screen if a key on the keyboard is pressed, then a (spring) which is below it will put pressure on the existing metal underneath, and causing an electric current can flow through it. This current is then received by the chip on your keyboard called a microprocessor. On this chip there are various address so we can know, which button is pressed. Electrical signals are then forwarded to the RAM until the PC is used further. At the same time, the keyboard microprocessor also forward the information to interrupt contoller. From this controller interrupts the existing information can then be accepted by the CPU for the relevant information can be displayed on the monitor screen.
Creation of a computer keyboard comes from the typewriter model created and patented by Christopher Latham in 1868, and in 1887 the company produced and marketed by Remington. The keyboard is used today is the kind of QWERTY, in 1973, the keyboard is inaugurated as the standard keyboard ISO (International Standards Organization). Number of keys on the keyboard this time amounted to 104 keys. Keyboard now that we know has some kind of port, ie serial port, ps2, usb and wireless.
In terms of the key used, the keyboard has a less rapid growth since it was first discovered. What's happening is a few key additions that help further accelerate the opening of the application program.
In general, the structure of keys on the keyboard is divided into 4, namely:
1.    Typing is one of the keys of the keyboard that contains letters and numbers, and punctuation. In general, there are 2 types of arrangement of letters on the keyboard, the type of QWERTY and Dvorak. However, the most used today is the QWERTY layout.
2.    Numeric keypad is a special section of the keyboard that contains numbers and functions to enter data in the form of numbers and arithmetic operations. The structure resembles a figure composed of calculators and other calculators.
3.    Function Keys, In 1986, IBM added several function keys on a standard keyboard. This button can be used as a special command that is included in the operating system or application.
4.    Control keys, these keys provide cursor and screen control. Buttons are included in this category is 4 bersimbol arrow button between the button and type the numeric keypad, home, end, insert, delete, page up, page down, control (ctrl), alternate (alt) and escape (esc).


Networking Hardware:

Networking Hardware Computer is a device that can physically touch that form a unity so as to build a computer network. Hardware on a computer network consisting of several types. Discussion will be discussed in this article.
Here are some examples of computer network hardware:
1.    NIC (Network Interface Card) or commonly called a LAN card is a card that serves as a bridge from your computer to a computer network. This component is usually already installed onboard on several computers or laptops. Based on the type of the bus there are several types of ISA and PCI NICs, the most commonly used is the PCI because PCI has the ability to transfer data within a computer that is higher than the ISA.
2.    Cable Network, in a network cable is used as a media liaison. Although there is now a wireless technology, but cable is still often used because it is easy to operate. There are several types of cable commonly used to build a computer network such as: a. Twisted Pair Cable is composed of multiple wires wrapped around each other. There are two types of cables included in this cable type is Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) with a layer of aluminum foil and Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP). Both types of twisted pair cable is basically the same, the difference only UTP cables are vulnerable to magnetic fields or high voltage cable while STP is not. Coaxial Cable, physical appearance of these cables consist of copper wire as a core which is coated by an insulator and surrounded by the outer conductor and then wrapped with a kind of PVC material as the outer layer of insulator. For the use of coaxial cable has been rarely used because most people build a computer network with twisted pair cable. c. Fiber optic cable is a cable made of glass fiber with advanced technology and has a data transfer speed is faster than regular cable, usually used in fiber optic backbone network because it takes more speed in the network, but at the moment This has many uses fiber optics to normal tissue both LAN, WAN or MAN as it can provide more impact on the speed and bandwidth because it uses fiber optic refraction of light to transfer data through it and certainly the speed of light is no doubt but to build fiber optic network with required cost is quite expensive because it takes a special tool in its development.
3.    Connectors, the connector is used as a means of liaison between the cable with plug NIC (Network Interface Card) that exist on your computer. This connector type is adjusted to the type of cable used for example RJ-45 cable pairs with UTP / STP, BNC connector / T pairs with coaxial cable and ST connectors coupled with fiber optic cable.
4.    Hub / Switch is used to connect each node in the LAN network. This equipment is often used on star and extended star topology. The difference between the Hub and Switch lies in its data transfer speed that is 10:100 Mbps.
5.    Repeater is a component that serves to strengthen the signal. Signals received from one segment of the LAN cable to the next LAN segment will be transmitted back to the original signal strength on the first LAN segment so that the presence of these repeaters, the distance between two computer networks can be expanded.
6.    Routers are network devices that are used to expand the network with a resume or prevent packets from one logical network to another network. Routers have the ability to filter or menfilter passing data network based on certain rules or protocols. Just as the hub / switch, router can also be used to connect multiple networks such as network models of LAN, MAN and even WAN.
7.    Modem or the modulator module is the network equipment used to connect to the Internet using a phone cable. Modems are used as LAN network connection to the Internet. In performing its duties, the modem will convert digital data into analog data that can be understood by us humans or vice versa.
So says the article about the hardware of this computer network, computer network hardware hopefully this article can expand your knowledge about hardware, so it can help you minimize the costs to be incurred in building a computer network.


Various kinds of USB Flash Drive Functionality
USB Flash Drive is usually used to store data but the USB can also be used for other needs. Here are a variety of uses USB Flash Drive
1.    Running portable application. Now we do not need to install applications to a computer to run this flash drive functionality. Just copy and paste the application portable and run via USB, then direct the program runs without the long installation process.
2.    Booting operating system. There are also uses USB as the boot of the operating system CD. The first step of the boot process is done by the Operating System is the Bootstrap Loader, the intent to keep track of all the I / O is installed on the computer.
3.    Go to the wireless network. We can use the features of Windows Connect Now (WCN) to save the wireless configuration to USB and use it to download the wireless configuration settings on other computers to be disconnected to the network.
4.    Password Reset Disk. If you forgot windows login password, can also use USB to unlock it with the Password Reset Disk.
5.    Improve performance. With Ready Boost technology, then we can improve performance by utilizing the space on the USB into additional cache.
6.    Protecting folders with passwords. If there are important files that haris protected, we can use Rohos Mini Drive to create a partition on the USB and equip it with a password. That way, each file is stored on this partition will be safe.
7.    Run website. By using Go servers, then we can run a webserver with Apache, MySQL, PHP, and Perl directly from USB.
8.    Locking PCs. With the freeware called Predator, we can use a USB flash us a tool to open and close the computer. If you want to turn on the computer, we must plug the USB into the computer. When USB is disconnected, then the computer automatically locks itself.
Thank you for viewing and hope this article, help you for typical  usage of your computer.